COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY AUDIT REPORT

Resunga Multiple Campus

Report Type: NON-SENSITIVE PUBLICATION VERSION

Organization: Resunga Multiple Campus

Report Date: December 11, 2025

Auditor: Anuj Panthi

Title: Independent Cybersecurity Researcher

Audit Type: External, Non-Intrusive Security Assessment

Assessment Period: 30-Day Window

Methodology: OWASP & NIST-aligned

Classification: PUBLIC - FOR PORTFOLIO

IMPORTANT NOTICE

This is a non-sensitive version of the original security audit report. All confidential information including specific IP addresses, internal domain names, API endpoints, and sensitive technical details have been redacted or generalized to protect institutional security while demonstrating assessment methodology and professional reporting standards.

1. Executive Summary

This comprehensive security audit examined the publicly accessible digital infrastructure of an educational institution. The assessment followed strict non-intrusive methodologies and focused on identifying potential vulnerabilities in internet-facing systems without attempting exploitation.

Key Findings Overview

Critical

High

Medium

Low

Risk Distribution

CRITICAL: 1 Exposed system documentation revealing complete application blueprint

HIGH: 2 SSL/TLS certificate misconfigurations affecting multiple systems

MEDIUM: 5 Email security deficiencies and configuration issues

LOW: 7 Implementation flaws and minor configuration weaknesses

Overall Security Posture

The organization demonstrates moderate security maturity with several critical areas requiring immediate attention. While basic security controls are in place (firewall, authentication), significant information exposure and configuration issues present substantial attack surface reduction opportunities.

⚠️ Immediate Action Required: The exposure of complete system documentation represents a critical security risk that must be addressed within 24 hours.

2. Audit Scope & Methodology

2.1 Scope of Testing

INCLUDED:

OSINT and public information gathering
Subdomain enumeration via DNS and certificate transparency
Non-intrusive port/service scanning
SSL/TLS configuration analysis
Security header evaluation
Technology stack fingerprinting
Non-destructive vulnerability testing
Authentication/session behavior review
Public endpoint access control verification
Directory and file exposure checks
Email security protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC)

EXCLUDED:

Exploitation of identified vulnerabilities
Backend/database access attempts
Password cracking or brute-force attacks
Payload uploads or malware testing
DDoS or stress testing
Social engineering
Any intrusive or unauthorized activities

2.2 Testing Timeline

Phase	Duration	Dates
Reconnaissance Phase	7 days	November 2025
Active Testing Phase	3 days	December 2025
Reporting Phase	1 day	December 11, 2025

2.3 Tools Used

Category	Tools
Network Scanning	Nmap
HTTP Analysis	curl, whatweb
Vulnerability Scanning	nuclei (limited scope)
SSL Analysis	openssl, testssl.sh
DNS Analysis	nslookup, dig
Subdomain Discovery	subfinder, crt.sh
Email Security	mxtoolbox.com
Manual Testing	Browser inspection, console analysis

3. Asset Discovery & Inventory

SENSITIVE DATA REDACTED: Original asset discovery section contained specific domain names, IP addresses, and infrastructure details that have been removed for security reasons.

3.1 Infrastructure Overview

Property	Generalized Findings
Primary Systems	Web application, administrative interfaces, email services
Hosting Infrastructure	Cloud-based hosting with multiple service providers
DNS Configuration	Multiple name servers with international distribution
Network Services	HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, FTP services detected

3.2 Subdomain Analysis

Assessment: Multiple subdomains were identified serving various functions including administrative interfaces, email services, and specialized applications.

Subdomain Type	Function	Security Status
Administrative	Management interfaces	❌ Security issues identified
Email Services	Email hosting and webmail	⚠️ Mixed security posture
Application Services	Specialized applications	⚠️ Configuration issues
Control Panels	Management consoles	❌ Insecure implementations

3.3 Network Service Analysis

PORT     STATE    SERVICE          SECURITY ASSESSMENT
21/tcp   open     ftp              Access properly restricted
22/tcp   open     ssh              Standard service detected
25/tcp   filtered smtp             Firewall protection active
80/tcp   open     http             Active web service
443/tcp  open     https            Encrypted web service
3306/tcp filtered mysql            Database access restricted
3389/tcp filtered ms-wbt-server    Remote access blocked
        

4. Critical Vulnerabilities

CRITICAL Exposed System Documentation with Complete Application Blueprint

Property	Value
CVSS Score	9.1 (Critical)
Impact	Complete information disclosure of system architecture
Attack Vector	Network (remotely exploitable)

Technical Details:

Exposure Type: Publicly accessible system documentation
Content Exposed: Complete API specifications, endpoint details, authentication mechanisms
Documentation Format: Automated API documentation system
Authentication: None required for access

Exposed Information Categories:

1. Administrative Management:

/api/[REDACTED]/GetAdminProfile
/api/[REDACTED]/CreateAdmin
/api/[REDACTED]/UpdateAdmin
/api/[REDACTED]/DeleteAdmin
            

2. Authentication Systems:

/api/[REDACTED]/Login
/api/[REDACTED]/ResetPassword
/api/[REDACTED]/ChangePassword
/api/[REDACTED]/SessionManagement
            

3. Data Models and Schemas:

Complete request/response structures
Parameter validation rules
Error message formats
Database schema information

Risk Assessment:

Factor	Rating
Attack Vector	Network (remotely exploitable)
Attack Complexity	Low (documentation provides clear guidance)
Privileges Required	None (publicly accessible)
User Interaction	None
Confidentiality Impact	High (complete system blueprint)
Integrity Impact	High (informs attack strategies)

⚠️ Immediate Remediation Required: While endpoints may require authentication, the exposed documentation provides attackers with a complete system roadmap for targeted attacks, significantly reducing the effort required for successful exploitation.

5. High Risk Vulnerabilities

HIGH SSL/TLS Certificate Misconfiguration

Property	Value
CVSS Score	7.4 (High)
Affected Systems	Multiple critical subdomains

Issues Identified:

Certificate Name Mismatch: Certificates issued for incorrect domain names
Shared Certificates: Single certificate used across multiple unrelated domains
Certificate Validation Issues: Browser security warnings triggered

SSL Configuration Security:

SSLv2/SSLv3/TLSv1.0/TLSv1.1: Disabled
TLSv1.2/TLSv1.3: Enabled
Heartbleed: Not vulnerable
TLS Compression: Disabled
RSA Key Strength: 2048 bits (Adequate)
Cipher Suites: Modern, secure selection

Risk Impact:

Certificate Mismatch: Browser security warnings, potential MITM opportunities
Shared Certificate: Cross-domain contamination risk
Trust Issues: Users may reject security warnings, leading to phishing susceptibility

HIGH Missing HTTPS for Critical Administrative Interfaces

Property	Value
CVSS Score	6.5 (Medium-High)
Affected Systems	Administrative control panels

Technical Details:

Service scan results for administrative interface:
HTTP (80/tcp):  Active - UNENCRYPTED ACCESS
HTTPS (443/tcp): Certificate issues detected
            

Risk Assessment:

Administrative Interface: Critical system accessible via unencrypted HTTP
Credential Exposure: Login credentials transmitted in plaintext
Session Hijacking: Cookies and sessions vulnerable to interception
Compliance Violation: Fails basic security standards

6. Medium Risk Vulnerabilities

MEDIUM Email Security Deficiencies

Property	Value
CVSS Score	5.3 (Medium)
Domain	Institutional email domain

MX Toolbox Analysis Results:

1. DMARC Issues:

No DMARC Record found
Missing quarantine or reject policy

2. SPF Issues:

SPF Record exists but DMARC missing
Limited protection against spoofing

v=spf1 ip4:[REDACTED] include:[REDACTED] ~all

3. DNS Configuration Issues:

Name server configuration inconsistencies
Suboptimal DNS architecture

Risk Impact:

Email Spoofing: Lack of DMARC allows domain impersonation
Phishing Attacks: Easier for attackers to send emails appearing from institutional domain
Email Delivery Issues: Potential for legitimate emails to be marked as spam

MEDIUM Mixed Content Security Issue

Property	Value
CVSS Score	5.0 (Medium)
Location	Primary web application

Technical Details:

Primary Page: Loaded over HTTPS
Insecure Resources: Third-party scripts loaded via HTTP

Risk Impact:

MITM Attacks: Insecure scripts can be modified in transit
Browser Warnings: Security alerts confuse users
Content Integrity: Cannot guarantee script authenticity

MEDIUM Information Leakage in Application Systems

Property	Value
CVSS Score	4.3 (Medium)

Issues Identified:

1. Test Data in Production:

Development/test data visible in production systems
Default user accounts with improper permissions

2. Broken Functionality:

Non-functional interface elements
Error-prone user interactions
Console errors during normal operation

3. Debug Information:

Console error messages revealing internal system details
Authentication error information leakage
            

MEDIUM Insecure Subdomain Implementations

Property	Value
CVSS Score	4.0 (Medium)

Affected Systems:

Control Panel Subdomains: Insecure authentication mechanisms
Service Subdomains: JavaScript-based credential collection
Application Subdomains: Error-prone implementations
Development Subdomains: Internal server errors exposed

Risk Impact:

Credential Theft: Insecure credential collection methods
Phishing Susceptibility: Users trained to enter credentials in popups
Information Disclosure: Error pages may reveal system details

7. Low Risk Findings

LOW UI/UX Flaws and Content Issues

Property	Value
CVSS Score	2.5 (Low)

Issues Identified:

External Link Issues: Misconfigured social media links
Content Currency: Outdated copyright and information
Server Errors: Non-critical functionality returning errors
Empty Content Sections: Unpopulated information areas
Broken Features: Non-functional interface elements
Robots.txt: Improper implementation

LOW Directory Traversal Attempts (Properly Blocked)

Property	Value
CVSS Score	1.0 (Low - Successfully Mitigated)

Testing Results:

Testing sensitive file access:
/.env: 403 Forbidden (Properly blocked)
/config.php: 404 Not Found
/backup.zip: 404 Not Found
/.git/: 403 Forbidden (Properly blocked)
            

Security Controls Working:

WAF/OpenResty: Properly blocks sensitive directory access
Access Controls: 403 Forbidden for protected resources
Error Handling: 404 for non-existent resources (no information leakage)

LOW Session Management Implementation

Property	Value
CVSS Score	2.0 (Low)

Cookie Analysis:

set-cookie: XSRF-TOKEN=[REDACTED]; secure; samesite=lax
set-cookie: session_cookie=[REDACTED]; httponly; samesite=lax; secure
            

Security Assessment:

Secure Flag: Present on both cookies
HttpOnly Flag: Present on session cookie (protects against XSS)
SameSite=Lax: CSRF protection
Missing: Strict-Transport-Security header
Missing: Content-Security-Policy header

LOW SQL Injection & XSS Testing Results (Negative)

Property	Value
CVSS Score	0.0 (Informational - No Vulnerability Found)

Testing Results:

SQL Injection Testing:

Input Validation: Properly implemented
Error Handling: No SQL error messages leaked
Authentication: Proper responses for unauthorized access

Cross-Site Scripting Testing:

Output Encoding: Properly implemented
Input Sanitization: Script tags not reflected in output
Content-Type: Properly set

8. Security Strengths Identified

Positive Security Controls

8.1 Active Firewall/WAF Protection

Evidence: IP blocking after security scanning detected
Technology: Modern WAF solution implemented
Effectiveness: Successfully blocked intrusion attempts
Configuration: Proper 403 responses for protected resources

8.2 Proper Authentication Enforcement

API Systems: Proper 401 Unauthorized for admin endpoints
No User Enumeration: Consistent responses regardless of username
Input Validation: Proper validation for malformed queries

8.3 Secure Session Management

HttpOnly Cookies: Session cookie protected from JavaScript access
Secure Flag: Cookies only transmitted over HTTPS
SameSite=Lax: CSRF protection implemented

8.4 Directory Protection

Sensitive Files: Properly blocked with 403 responses
Error Handling: 404 for non-existent resources (no information leak)
Access Controls: Directories properly protected

8.5 Modern TLS Configuration

Protocols: TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3 only (older versions disabled)
Ciphers: Modern, secure cipher suites
Key Exchange: Forward-secure algorithms implemented
Compression: Disabled (CRIME attack protection)

9. Remediation Prioritization Matrix

9.1 Immediate Actions (Within 24 Hours)

Priority	Action	Owner	Effort
CRITICAL #1	Remove Public System Documentation	Development Team	Low
CRITICAL #2	Fix Admin HTTPS Certificate Issues	IT Administrator	Medium

9.2 Short-Term Actions (Within 7 Days)

Priority	Action	Owner	Effort
HIGH #3	Implement DMARC Policy	IT Administrator	Low
HIGH #4	Fix SSL Certificate Mismatches	IT Administrator	Medium
MEDIUM #5	Secure Insecure Subdomains	Development Team	High
MEDIUM #6	Fix Mixed Content Issues	Development Team	Low

9.3 Medium-Term Actions (Within 30 Days)

Priority	Action	Owner	Effort
MEDIUM #7	DNS Configuration Cleanup	IT Administrator	Medium
MEDIUM #8	WAF Tuning and Optimization	Security Team	Medium
LOW #9	UI/UX Improvements	Content Team	Low
LOW #10	Security Headers Enhancement	Development Team	Medium

10. Technical Recommendations

10.1 SSL/TLS Configuration

Recommended nginx configuration:

ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000" always;
        

Certificate Management:

Tool: Automated certificate management with monitoring
Monitoring: Certificate expiration alerts
Documentation: Certificate inventory with ownership

10.2 API Security Hardening

Documentation Protection:

// Production environment configuration
if (!env.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseSwaggerUI(c =>
    {
        c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "API v1");
        c.RoutePrefix = "api-docs";  // Custom path
        c.DocumentTitle = "Internal API Documentation";
    });
    
    // Add authentication middleware
    app.UseMiddleware<SwaggerAuthMiddleware>();
}
        

API Endpoint Protection:

Rate Limiting: Implement per-IP and per-user limits
Input Validation: Schema validation for all endpoints
Output Filtering: Remove sensitive data from responses
Audit Logging: All admin actions logged with user context

10.3 Email Security Implementation

DMARC Configuration:

_dmarc.example.edu.np. IN TXT "v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:[email protected]; ruf=mailto:[email protected];"

SPF Record Enhancement:

example.edu.np. IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:[SERVER_IP] include:[HOSTING_PROVIDER] -all"

DKIM Implementation:

Action: Generate and publish DKIM keys
Selector: Default selector with proper rotation
Key Size: 2048-bit RSA minimum
Rotation: Quarterly key rotation schedule

10.4 Security Headers Implementation

Recommended Headers:

add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://trusted.cdn.com; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' data: https:; font-src 'self'; connect-src 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none';";
add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin";
add_header Permissions-Policy "geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()";
        

11. Conclusion

11.1 Overall Security Posture Assessment

The assessed organization demonstrates mixed security maturity with both significant strengths and critical vulnerabilities. Basic security controls including firewall protection, secure session management, and input validation are implemented. However, the exposure of complete system documentation represents a critical risk that requires immediate attention.

Security Maturity Score: 55/100

(Based on weighted vulnerability assessment)

11.2 Key Successes

Active Security Monitoring: WAF successfully blocked intrusive scanning
Authentication Controls: Proper 401 responses and no user enumeration
Session Security: HttpOnly, Secure, and SameSite cookies implemented
TLS Configuration: Modern protocols and ciphers enabled
Input Validation: No SQLi or XSS vulnerabilities detected

11.3 Critical Concerns

Information Disclosure: Complete system blueprint publicly accessible
Certificate Issues: Mismatched subjects and shared certificates
Email Security: No DMARC implementation enabling spoofing
Insecure Subdomains: Insecure authentication mechanisms
Mixed Content: HTTP resources in HTTPS pages

11.4 Strategic Recommendations

Timeline	Priority Actions
Immediate (Week 1)	1. Remove public system documentation 2. Fix critical HTTPS certificate issues 3. Implement DMARC policy
Short-Term (Month 1)	4. Conduct security awareness training 5. Implement comprehensive security headers 6. Fix all certificate mismatches
Medium-Term (Quarter 1)	7. Establish security monitoring program 8. Conduct penetration testing 9. Develop incident response plan

11.5 Final Assessment

The organization has established a foundation for security but requires focused effort to address critical vulnerabilities. With the remediation actions outlined in this report, significant attack surface reduction can be achieved, improving security posture to protect institutional data and maintain service availability.

Next Steps:

Prioritize remediation based on risk matrix
Implement monitoring for critical security controls
Consider regular security assessments for continuous improvement
Develop comprehensive security policies and procedures

Auditor: Anuj Panthi

Title: Independent Cybersecurity Researcher

Date: December 11, 2025

Confidentiality Notice

This non-sensitive version has been prepared for publication purposes. The original confidential report contains sensitive security information including specific IP addresses, domain names, API endpoints, and detailed technical configurations that have been redacted in this version to protect institutional security.

Publication Authorization: This non-sensitive version may be published on the auditor's portfolio (anujpanthi.com.np) with full credit to Anuj Panthi, subject to organizational approval as documented in the final acknowledgement letter.

COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY AUDIT REPORT

Resunga Multiple Campus

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

Key Findings Overview

Risk Distribution

Overall Security Posture

2. Audit Scope & Methodology

2.1 Scope of Testing

INCLUDED:

EXCLUDED:

2.2 Testing Timeline

2.3 Tools Used

3. Asset Discovery & Inventory

3.1 Infrastructure Overview

3.2 Subdomain Analysis

3.3 Network Service Analysis

4. Critical Vulnerabilities

CRITICAL Exposed System Documentation with Complete Application Blueprint

Technical Details:

Exposed Information Categories:

Risk Assessment:

5. High Risk Vulnerabilities

HIGH SSL/TLS Certificate Misconfiguration

Issues Identified:

SSL Configuration Security:

Risk Impact:

HIGH Missing HTTPS for Critical Administrative Interfaces

Technical Details:

Risk Assessment:

6. Medium Risk Vulnerabilities

MEDIUM Email Security Deficiencies

MX Toolbox Analysis Results:

Risk Impact:

MEDIUM Mixed Content Security Issue

Technical Details:

Risk Impact:

MEDIUM Information Leakage in Application Systems

Issues Identified:

MEDIUM Insecure Subdomain Implementations

Affected Systems:

Risk Impact:

7. Low Risk Findings

LOW UI/UX Flaws and Content Issues

Issues Identified:

LOW Directory Traversal Attempts (Properly Blocked)

Testing Results:

Security Controls Working:

LOW Session Management Implementation

Cookie Analysis:

Security Assessment:

LOW SQL Injection & XSS Testing Results (Negative)

Testing Results:

8. Security Strengths Identified

Positive Security Controls

8.1 Active Firewall/WAF Protection

8.2 Proper Authentication Enforcement

8.3 Secure Session Management

8.4 Directory Protection

8.5 Modern TLS Configuration

9. Remediation Prioritization Matrix

9.1 Immediate Actions (Within 24 Hours)

9.2 Short-Term Actions (Within 7 Days)

9.3 Medium-Term Actions (Within 30 Days)

10. Technical Recommendations

10.1 SSL/TLS Configuration

Recommended nginx configuration:

Certificate Management:

10.2 API Security Hardening

Documentation Protection:

API Endpoint Protection:

10.3 Email Security Implementation

DMARC Configuration:

SPF Record Enhancement:

DKIM Implementation:

10.4 Security Headers Implementation

Recommended Headers:

11. Conclusion

11.1 Overall Security Posture Assessment